2015 年第 5 期 第 13 卷

肿瘤放射治疗生物学效应研究进展

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关键词：放射治疗，DNA损伤，神经酰胺，旁效应，

• 摘要：
• 【摘要】放射治疗是一种重要的肿瘤治疗方式，传统观点认为射线主要通过DNA损伤活化损伤感应器触发细胞凋亡、坏死、有丝分裂殇折或细胞衰老而发挥抗肿瘤的功能。现在的研究证实射线除了损伤DNA还作用于细胞质膜和亚细胞器通过细胞内的多条信号途径调节细胞凋亡，增殖分化和迁移。并且射线照射细胞也能向邻近未被照射的肿瘤细胞传递旁观者应答信号杀伤临近肿瘤细胞，保护正常组织免受破坏。本文主要就肿瘤放射治疗过程中这些生物学效应展开综述。
• Radiotherapy is an important form of cancer treatment. Traditionally, it has believed that radiation which can sense the type of damage and activate the effectors of the DNA damage response can inhibit tumor by triggering apoptosis, necrosis, mitotic catastrophe or senescence. Recently a lot of researches have proved that besides DNA damage radiation can act on plasma membrane and subcellular organelles to activate of various intracellular pathways that modulate apoptosis, proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, irradiated cells also send bystander signals to their neighbors. These signals produced by irradiated cells can kill neighboring tumor cells and protect the normal tissue from damage. In this review, we mainly outline the biological effect in the process of tumor radiotherapy.